Index

Page numbers in boldface type refer to illustrations.

activism, anti-war, 245, 249–252
advisers, agricultural, 141–145
Africa, 180n5, 258; Horn of, 169; North, 249, 265; West, 36, 215, 266
agreements. See conventions, international; international
agriculture, 6, 34, 35, 47, 49, 51–52, 54, 57, 62, 69, 78, 100–105, 107, 118, 120–121, 124–125, 129–130, 137, 141–142, 147, 174–175, 192, 195, 234, 270; commercial, 105–106, 108, 117, 129, 130–131, 142; industrialized, 6, 128–129, 131, 268; subsistence, 105–106, 119, 128; sustainable, 105, 107, 108, 113
Ainu people, 135, 137–140, 148, 149, 150n4
Alaska, 2, 13, 16, 19–22, 25, 33, 37, 73, 77, 251, 264
Aleutian Islands, 29n65, 249–251, 256n49; Aleut people, 21
algae, 185, 200
America: Latin, 77, 209–216, 219, 222; North, 32–33, 36, 49, 68, 106, 112, 234; South, 32–33, 48, 169–170, 177, 181n12, 217–218, 264, 266, 271. See also individual countries
Americans: African, 92; European, 19, 20, 37, 86, 89, 92–96, 106–108, 109, 112–113, 249–250; native, 68, 69, 72–76, 79–80, 92, 93, 140, 149, 151n22
American Tunaboat Association, 215, 216–217
ancestors, reverence for, 55, 150
anchovies, 211; anchoveta, Peruvian (Engraulis ringens), 211, 217, 220
Anderson, M. Kat, 70, 72, 74
animals, 32, 37, 50, 102, 136, 172, 229, 230, 242; commensal, 33; exotic, 70, 72, 75, 78, 83n38, 101; farm (see livestock); as food, 87; game, 144; grazing, 112; intelligence of, 87–88; marine, 13, 30, 136; maternal behavior of, 89; native, 149; non-Indigenous, 69; wild, 144, 145, 150, 213. See also interactions: human–animal
Antarctica, 264, 266
Antarctic Ocean, 16, 19, 21, 213, 216, 252
Anthropocene, concept of, 8–9, 257–271
anthropology, 135; anthropologists, 1, 258, 261
anthropomorphism, 87–89, 103
archaeology, 5, 18, 34; archaeologists, 260
Arctic, 37, 38, 88
Argentina, 213, 219, 224n28
Armitage, David, and Alison Bashford, Pacific Histories: Oceans, Lands, People (2014), 2
Army: Ecuadorian, 220; United States, 219, 235, 242; US Army Corps of Engineers, 199–203
Asia, 232, 235, 237; East, 34, 230, 235; South, 111, 266; Southeast, 22, 48, 111, 235, 266. See also individual countries
assimilation, 147, 271
Atlantic Ocean, 35; north, 218, 252; northwest, 214
atolls, 156–159, 241–253, 263. See also Bikini Atoll (Marshall Islands); Enewetak Atoll (Marshall Islands); Rongelap (Marshall Islands)
Atomic Energy Commission, 242, 244–246, 249–252, 253n11
Aubert (French colonial administrator, fl. 1892), 163
Australia, 2, 6, 8–9, 16, 22, 31, 47, 49–54, 56, 61, 124, 130, 229, 231–238, 252, 256, 259–263, 265–268, 271; Aboriginal Australians, 6, 149, 229, 232, 257, 271

Bainamarama, Frank, 9, 270
bait, fish, 211, 214, 217
Banaba (Kiribati), 268; Banaban people, 31, 38
bananas, 36, 54, 101, 105, 117, 120, 125, 131, 133n49, 220
banks: New Caledonia, 157; Mitsui, 143
barbarism, concept of, 144, 150n2
Bass Strait, 16, 50
beaches, 188–189, 199, 202; beachcombers, 122
bears, 136, 144–145
bêche-de-mer. See sea cucumbers (bêche-de-mer, Holothuroidea spp.)
Bengal, 49; Delta, 186
Bering Sea, 20; Strait, 19, 25
Bikini Atoll (Marshall Islands), 8, 241–244, 247, 253n1, 263; Bikinians, 241
bio-cultural networks, 230, 235, 238. See also ecocultural networks
biology, 229; biologists, 211, 234, 248
Birch, Tony, 257, 261
birds, 4, 13–18, 21–22, 25, 27nn16–17, 28n42, 34, 35, 87, 102, 124, 172, 229–231, 231, 232–238; banding of, 234; exploitation of, 16; game, 234; sea, 18, 41, 211; migratory (see migration)
Boardman, Robert, 234, 237
boats, 18, 103, 106, 148, 187, 200; fishing, 209–213, 216–217, 219–220
bones: chicken, 34; human, 244–245
botany, 127, 135; botanists, 173, 246
Botany Bay (NSW), 49, 262
Bouchier, Cecil J., 127, 133n47
Bouchon-Brandely, Germain, 154, 158–162, 164–165
boundaries, 205; field, 120; land, 100–102, 191, 195, 197; political, 102; social, 102; territorial, 221, 225n42
bows (weapons), 69, 144
boycotts, 124, 217, 219–220
Boyer, Paul, 242
bravery, 90, 95
Brazil, 7, 169, 170–171, 173, 177–178, 181n15
bread, 36, 129
breadfruit, 5, 32, 33, 35, 36, 41, 101–102, 117, 105, 120, 131
breweries, 143; brewing, 147
British Columbia, 19, 249–250, 269
Buffalo grass (Bouteloua dactyloides), 110, 112, 113
building, 187, 189, 197–198, 201; materials, 103, 106
bullion, 34, 48, 49
burials, human, 76; burial practices, 55, 101
burning, of vegetation, 72, 112, 130, 133n65
butter, 57–60

California, 2, 5, 12, 16, 20, 32, 36–38, 52, 54, 68, 70–80, 88, 122, 124, 127, 168, 171, 175, 187, 210–214, 217, 219–220, 222n8, 260, 263, 264, 269; Baja California (Mexico), 19, 20, 211
Campbell, A. J., 231, 232, 233, 237, 239n6
Canada, 19, 20, 52, 68, 77, 218, 249–252, 255–256n49, 269
canals, 200, 201, 236; Panama, 216
Canberra (ACT), 259, 271
cancer: bone, 244; thyroid, 252
canoes, 18, 103, 105, 197
Canton, 48–50, 56, 61; Cantonese, 47, 53, 55, 62
Cape Verde Islands, 92, 94; islanders (“Portuguese blacks”), 92; likened to monkeys, 94
capitalism, 6, 7, 31, 38, 40, 136, 138–139, 142–143, 149, 201, 267, 270; global, 101
Capron, Horace, 139, 140–142, 144, 146, 151n22
carbon: capture, 269; dating, 244, 263
carbon dioxide emissions: atmospheric, 9, 260, 263–264, 266; oceanic, 269
Caribbean, 35, 36, 127, 170
Carson, Rachel, 242, 251; Silent Spring (1962), 248
cartels, 124, 133n48
cartography, 135, 141, 232
Catholics, 92, 131, 169
cattle, 37, 70, 72, 74, 75, 78, 83n38, 112, 142, 144; dairy, 60, 66n69
Centre d’expérimentation du Pacifique, French, 249, 252
ceremonies, 136, 174; devotional, 170
cesium, 134, 12, 137, 256n53
Ceylon, 112, 158
chambers of commerce, 61; French, 160; Tahitian, 163
chemicals, 229, 248; toxic, 129, 130; waste, 252
chemists, 141, 263–264
chestnut trees, 120, 129
Chew Chong, 5, 47, 56–62
Chickens, 5, 27n16, 32, 34–35
chiefs, 60, 120; authority of, 122–126, 129, 131, 174, 190, 197, 242
children, 102, 122, 136, 148, 242, 245, 252, 271
Chile, 2, 8, 13, 17, 22, 33–34, 211–221, 223n20, 224n28, 225n42, 228n87, 260
China, 5, 22, 34, 36, 48, 50–53, 56, 60–62, 64n36, 77, 144, 181n16, 231, 237; south, 52, 54, 62; Chinese overseas, 5, 47, 52–56, 60, 61, 62
Chinookan people, 73–74
Choie Sew Hoy, 54, 56, 62
Christianisation, 121, 122–124
Chukchi people, 19, 21
Chumash people, 32, 33
churches, 122, 123; Catholic church, 79
civilization: concept of, 95, 139–140, 232, 260; “civilizing mission,” 157–158
Clark, W. S., 141, 145–146
class: middle, 173; tensions, 91
clergy, 77, 79
climate, 22, 37–38, 74, 101–102, 140–143, 171, 175, 217, 230, 234; change, 4, 199, 220, 259–261, 265–271
clothing, 50, 69, 79, 233–234
Cloud, Enoch, 87, 90, 95
coal, 141–142, 260, 267–269
cocoa, 110, 172
coconuts, 32, 37, 41, 102–107, 110, 117, 119–120, 123; shells, uses for, 103. See also copra
coconut trees (Cocos nucifera Linné), 101, 103–105, 104, 108–111, 109
coffee, 7, 20, 122, 125, 131, 172–180; cultivation of, 171, 174–175; plants, 7, 173; prices, 180n3; yields, 175–176
coffeehouses, 170, 172–173
coffee varieties: Arabica (Coffea arabica), 168, 170–171, 175, 180n2; Coffea canephora (or C. robusta), 180n2; Kona typica, 168–169, 176–177
Coleman, Holly, 189–191
colonialism, 6, 7, 25, 31, 36, 40, 47, 62, 68, 135, 146, 185, 188–189, 191, 261, 270; American, 142; Japanese, 22; non-Western, 6; settler, 138–140, 149, 151n4
colonization, xiii–xiv, 32, 35, 41, 49–50, 62n4, 70, 75, 78, 100–101, 136, 137, 232, 260; sexual, 137–138
Columbian exchange, 32, 35
Columbia River, 36; valley, 73–74
Commoner, Barry, 245, 248, 251–252
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian (CSIRO), 235, 236
communal living, 121, 148; practices, Indigenous, 150n4
communications, 52; radio, 112; telegraphic, 143
community, 205; sense of, among animals, 88
compensation, 209, 215–216, 219–220, 222n6
conferences, international: Copenhagen Summit (2009), 267–268; Greenhouse, 87, 267; International Technical Conference on the Living Resources of the Sea (1955), 216; Third Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (1997), 267; Third UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (1975), 210; UN Climate Change Conference (2009), 267–268; UN Climate Change Conference (2017), 269–270; UN Conference on the Human Environment (1972), 252, 264; UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (1975), 220–221; World Food Conference (1974), 265
confiscations, 209, 214; land, 126
Congress, United States, 178, 199, 202, 218, 242
Connecticut, 174, 242
connections: business, 62; long-distance, 25, 30, 39; transregional, 2–4, 14
conservation, 124, 154, 161, 205, 219, 221, 224n27, 227n85, 229, 234, 236–237; marine ecosystem, 24; of whales, 21
consumerism, 187, 203
containers, shipping, 39, 40
contamination, radioactive, 8, 242. See also pollution; radioactivity
contracts: food production, 137; government, 178
conventions, international, 219, 236–237; Bonn Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (1979), 237; International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (1931), 213; International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (1946), 225n48; London Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter (1975), 269; Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance (1971), 237; UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (1958), 218; Third UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (1973–1982), 22, 210, 221–222; United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (1993), 269
conviviality, 174
Cook, James, 35, 232, 261–262
Cook, Sherburne F., 73–74, 77
Cook Islands, 6, 22, 24, 117, 118, 121, 119–131, 267, 133–134n65, 133n47; Cook Islanders, 30, 117, 119
copra, 6, 101, 105–108, 108–112, 122, 156–157; bags, 124; production, 108, 115n43
corals, 100, 156, 197, 200, 246–247, 268–269
corporations, 143, 201, 203
cosmology, Indigenous, 188, 195, 197, 205
Costa Rica, 19, 214, 224n28
cotton, 6, 38, 106, 110, 137, 172
courts, land law, 125–126, 131
crime, 110, 126, 137, 143, 161–163, 174, 209
crops, 30, 69, 117, 141; cash, 6, 49, 100–101, 105–108, 110, 113, 117, 119, 122, 125–126, 128–131, 132–133n37; cover, 129; destruction of, 120; exotic, 141, 142; export, 106; food, 75, 101–103, 171–172; processing of, 105; production of, 122; rights to, 102, 105; subsistence, 130; yields, 102, 105
Crutzen, Paul, 257, 259–260, 266
culinary practices, 64n29, 180n5, 181n15
cultivation, 102, 120, 123; techniques, 169
cultural: activities, traditional, 179–180; assimilation, 140; ideas, 55; norms, 126; practices, 122, 156–157; relations, 123; resilience, 130; survival, 117; traditions, pre-colonial, 21
culture, Indigenous, 149, 150n4, 205, 229
currents, ocean, 8, 211, 264
customs, 122, 124, 135, 144
cuttings, plant, 169, 171, 174
cyclones, 101, 107. See also weather: extreme

dearth, 20–21, 52, 69–70, 106, 119, 148
death, 55, 76. See also mortality
deer, 144, 148; hides, 144
deforestation, 51, 53–54, 57–60, 102, 145–146, 150, 199, 262; reforestation, 130
deities, traditional, 117–119, 121, 123, 136, 174, 180n5, 192–194
demography, 203; demographic change, 51, 62, 138
depopulation, 52, 68, 74–78
depression: economic, 127, 129; spiritual, 129–130
Deutsche Handels- und Plantagengesellschaft der Südseeinseln, 106–108, 110, 111
development, 30, 141, 199, 200; planning, 143; colonial, 144, 149–150; economic, 136; sustainable, 267; urban, 201–203
diasporas, 31–40, 43n5
diet, 50, 72, 74, 244; traditional, 119, 129–130, 137, 144
diplomacy, 42, 106, 170, 172, 174–175, 209, 210, 214–222; climate, 267. See also international: relations
disasters: natural, 120, 201, 271; nuclear, 11, 12
disease, 6, 20–21, 31, 42, 49, 50, 52, 68–70, 73–74, 79–80, 112–113, 122, 129, 172; ecologies, 5, 68–70, 72–80, 81n5; animal, 229; bird-borne, 235, 237; human, 229, 235, 237, 244, 252, 271; plant, 110, 128, 175, 184n52; resistance to, 69; transmission of, 72, 79; vectors of, 8, 73, 77–78, 80, 229
displacement, of Indigenous people, 69, 140, 147, 149
dispossession, 21, 31; of Indigenous people, 69, 138, 149, 202
divers, 157, 161–162; Indigenous, 157; oyster, 7, 154, 156–157, 159; income of, 162
diving suits, 7, 157, 162–164
dockworkers, 40, 217, 219
dogs, 5, 32, 144–145
drainage, 187, 200–201, 229; of wetlands, 236, 233, 237
drink: alcoholic, 122, 137, 161, 174; fruit juice, 64n29, 128, 130; stimulant, 169
drought, 101, 103, 105–107, 175, 234, 265–266
drunkenness, 137, 161, 209
ducks, 18, 172, 234

earthquakes, 13, 250
Easter Island (Rapa Nui), 32, 34
East India Company, English, 49–50
ecocultural networks, 5, 47–49, 53, 55–56, 61–62, 170
ecological change, 5, 7, 32, 41–42, 47, 51, 60, 69, 75, 187; exchanges, 35, 41; imperialism, 35. See also environmental: damage
ecologies: disease, 81n5; Indigenous, 69; migrant, 6, 19, 62, 68
ecologists, 1, 229, 242, 246–250, 256n49, 257
ecology, 5–7, 205, 230, 245, 249, 252; holistic, 246, 248, 251, 252; Indigenous, 138, 149
economic: change, 41; development, 142, 184n52; growth, 129; stagnation, 106
economy, 199, 200, 203; agricultural, 6; barter, 56; cash, 56, 122; global, 101; Indigenous, 79, 149; market, 127; tourist, 7
ecosystems, xiv, 247, 249; damage to, 72; concept of, 246, 248–249; metabolism of, 247–248; marine, 7, 15–16, 27n25
Ecuador, 8, 40, 209–222, 223n20, 224n28, 225n42, 228n87; Ecuadorian–Peruvian War (1941), 225n42
Edgeworth, L. E., 186
education, 176, 205, 241, 248; informal, 173; scientific, 215; tertiary, 141, 142. See also universities
El Niño / Southern Oscillation effect, xiii, 8, 22, 217, 220, 265–266
emissions, carbon dioxide, 9, 260, 263–264
emotions, 87–89, 129
empire: British, 47, 52, 59, 151n16; Chinese, 35, 48; Spanish, 35; Russian, 232–233
endonyms, 7, 186, 188–195, 196, 205
energy: availability, 16; flows, 248; propagation, 13, 14; resources, 19; transfers, 48; nuclear, 242, 248, 250
Enewetak Atoll (Marshall Islands), 246–248
engineering, 54, 199; geo-, 269
engineers: civil, 141; mining, 144; US Army Corps of Engineers, 199–203
England, 48, 50, 232. See also United Kingdom
entrepreneurs, 5, 7, 56, 60, 221, 269
environmental: change, 1–4, 7, 9, 31–32, 34–35, 47, 52, 62, 62n4, 69, 79, 117, 124, 168–169, 186, 199, 261; consciousness, 146; crises, 107; damage, 53, 70, 75, 126, 128–129, 135, 145–146, 150, 163, 165, 185, 200, 203, 242, 245, 247, 249–250, 252; disasters, 110; exchanges, 62; exploitation, 48; governance, 155; impact assessments, 242; modification, 41, 60
environmentalism, 242, 248–252, 257
epidemics, 3, 5–6, 42, 68, 69–70, 73–74, 76–80, 112–113, 116n62, 122, 244, 271; “virgin soil,” 69
epistemologies, Indigenous, 138, 190, 205
eradication, of flora or fauna, 111–112, 229
erosion, 53, 128, 130–131, 134n65, 199, 202, 269
Europe, 49, 93, 106, 169–170, 231, 252, 265. See also individual countries
evictions, 187, 203
exclusive economic zones, 23–24, 221–222, 223n20
exhibitions: Alaska–Yukon–Pacific Exposition, Seattle (1909), 177; Exposition Universelle, Paris (1878), 160; New Zealand and South Seas Exhibition, Dunedin (1889), 59; Vienna Weltausstellung [World Exposition] (1873), 157
exonyms, 188–194, 201, 204, 206n4. See also names
experiments: botanical, 172; on animals, 242; scientific, 158, 269
experts, foreign, 141–142, 160–161; local, 161–162
exploitation: of food resources, 18; of marine resources, 154; of natural resources, restrictions on, 119–120, 124, 126, 129, 156–157; of nature, 59; of seabirds, 18
exploration, 35, 171, 173, 232, 264; explorers, 5, 42, 49–50, 103, 232, 261–262
explosives, 106, 129, 162
exports: agricultural, 6, 106–107, 109, 117–119, 122–130, 157, 175, 183n38; coal, 260; commodity, 61; food, 5, 30, 36, 56–57, 61, 144, 212; manufactured goods, 49; pearl shell, 154, 155, 157, 162, 163
expropriation: of Indigenous people, 139, 147; of wild animals, 145
extractive industries, xiv, 7, 8, 31, 38, 54, 141. See also mining

factories, 141, 143, 147; dairy, 58–60, 66n69
fallout, radioactive, 242, 244–245, 248, 250, 252, 253–254n11, 256n53
families, 102, 122, 128; nuclear, 121; separation of, 137; relations within, 102–103. See also kinship
famine. See dearth
farmers, 107–108, 229, 234; family, 179; Indigenous, 176, 178
farming, 30, 58, 149; implements, 137; practices, 75, 100, 107, 120–124, 126, 140, 142, 144, 176, 179, 205; capital-intensive, 142; capitalist, 142; dairy, 57–59, 60, 61, 181n15; household-centered, 113; oyster, 154, 157, 159–160, 164; subsistence, 126, 130, 148; traditional, 148
farms, 143; demonstration, 141; experimental, 142; small, 179
fashion, 50, 233–234
fauna, 32, 75; non-Indigenous, 69. See also animals; birds; fish
fencing, 100–101, 110
fertilizer, 5, 30–31, 37, 54, 60, 128–129, 262, 268
fevers, 69, 75–76, 80. See also disease
Fiji, 9, 22, 24, 32, 38, 40, 51, 64n29, 268–270; Fijians, 19, 30; Indo-Fijians, 30
Filipinos, 35, 178
finance, 129; financial systems, 55
firearms, 106, 122, 144
fires, 136, 266, 271; forest, 146; use of (see burning, of vegetation)
First Nations peoples, 20, 261, 270
fish, 12, 15–16, 19, 21–22, 35, 39, 41, 87, 119, 130, 136, 209–211; dried, 30; pelagic, 16; predatory, 11; processing, 39, 130, 143, 217, 218; reef, 185; stocks, 214. See also migration
fisheries, 7, 22–24, 137, 142, 147, 158–159, 210–211, 213, 215, 217–222, 225n34, 265
fishermen, 8, 22, 40, 155, 214, 216–217, 219–221, 234
fishing, 8, 22, 24, 28n42, 69, 101–102, 119, 129, 135, 101–102, 119, 129, 135–137, 140, 142, 146, 148–149, 195, 197, 200, 209–220; commercial, 22; industrial, 25, 26, 39–40; hook- or pole-and-line, 24, 211, 217; long-line, 22; methods, 129, 155; methods, traditional, 148; methods, outlawing of, 146–147; nets, 69; nocturnal, 146, 147; over-, 22, 24, 130, 154, 156–159, 161–165, 188, 210, 212, 215; purse seine trawling, 22, 211, 217, 220; rights, 147; technical aids, 211
fishmeal, 217–220
fishponds, 186, 190, 195, 197, 201, 205
floods, 120, 131, 201, 266; control, 199, 200, 202
folklore, 176, 192. See also legends; myths
food, 5, 36, 53, 73; chains, 16, 21, 246, 248; preparation, 57; processing, 143, 176, 179, 211–212, 215; industrialized, 58–59; production, 101–102, 105, 120, 127, 129; resources, 18, 20, 126; security, 79, 128, 171; sources, 27nn16–17, 32–35, 50, 74–75, 105, 124, 137; sources, access to, 21; sources, for birds, 16; sources, for whales, 21; sources, traditional, 22; supply, 54, 107, 120, 241, 265; systems, traditional, 69. See also preservation
foods: customary, 69; imported, 119, 252; non-traditional, 129; processed, 21; traditional staple, 148
foodways, Polynesian, 34, 36–37
foraging, 72, 146, 148
forestry, 140, 145–146, 155
forests, 56–58, 60, 70, 101–102, 128, 142, 146; management of, 146; protection of, 146; rain, 119, 199; wild, products, 102. See also deforestation
France, 6–7, 144, 154–158, 161, 165, 170, 175, 242, 249, 251–263, 266
freedom of the seas, 221–222, 224n30
frontier: American, 145–146, 149; concept of, 139–140
fruit, 120–121, 123, 128, 130, 172, 220; cases, 124, 129–130; citrus, 30, 117, 120, 122–128, 130, 133n47, 133n49, 172; growing, 54, 125
fuel, 51; fossil, 59, 141, 142, 184n52, 217, 257, 260, 267–269
Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster (2011), 11, 12
fungi, 134n65; Wood Ear (Auricularia polytricha), 56–57
furniture, 51, 156
furs, 35, 48, 50, 73; fur trapping, 69, 75

Galápagos Islands, 22, 211
gardening, market, 47, 62
gardens, 60, 171
gathering: customary, 72; food, 146, 148
gender relations, 92, 137–138
genetic: defects, 252; mixing, 33–34
Geneva, 218, 220–221
genocide, 138, 149
geographers, 257, 270
geography: colonial, 31; cosmological, 55; “imaginative,” 186
geological surveys, 194; geologists, 141
Germany, 6, 22, 36, 100, 106, 151n16, 156, 216, 241, 269; Germans, 106, 157, 177, 225n48
globalization, xiv, 4, 38
goats, 70, 72, 74, 83n38, 172, 242
Godeffroy & Co., 106, 156
gold mining, 5, 53, 62; gold miners, 47, 56
gold rushes, 175; Californian, 38, 52
goods: imported, 53, 73, 77, 122, 125, 128; luxury, 49, 57, 156; manufactured, 30, 48, 49, 125, 156; movement of, 41, 52, 54
governance, oceanic, 212, 215, 220, 222
government ministries: Australian Department of Foreign Affairs, 266; Cook Islands Department of Agriculture, 129; French Service des Colonies, 160; French Ministry of the Marine, 158–159; Hawai‘ian Ministry of Finance, 175; Japanese Bureau of Mines, 141; US Department of Defense, 178; US Department of the Interior, 194; US Office of Hawaiian Affairs, 189; US Office of National Marine Sanctuaries, 185; US State Department, 214, 219; settler-colonial development, 136
governments: central, 49, 202, 220, 229, 259, 261, 267; colonial, 53, 107–108, 111–113, 125, 129, 136–137, 139–141, 143–144, 146, 149, 154–155, 157, 160–161, 165, 178, 268; local, 102; regional, 160, 190, 203
grain, 74, 141; production, 78
grapes, 78, 172
grasses, 112, 141
grasslands, 60, 75; burning of, 72
grazing, 70, 72, 75; over-, 72
“Great Acceleration,” 259, 262, 268, 270
greenhouse: effect, 267; gases, 9, 260, 266, 269. See also climate: change
Greenpeace, 242, 245, 249–250, 252–253, 255–256n49
Guam, 22, 41

habitats: bird, 233–237; marine, 162; restoration of, 205; riparian, 70
Hamburg, 156, 216, 225n48
handicrafts, 30, 155–156, 180
harbors, 59, 186–187, 199–200, 202, 217. See also dockworkers
harvesting, 128, 179; techniques, 105; illegal, 161–162; of seabirds, 18; of oysters, 156–157; yields, 148. See also farming: oyster; fishing: over-
Hau‘ofa, Epeli, 3–4, 31, 41–42; “Our Sea of Islands” (1993), 3–4, 30, 38; “We Are the Ocean” (2008), 3
Hawai‘i, 3, 7, 32, 36, 38, 41–42, 51, 54, 73, 77, 100, 122, 168–180, 181n16, 183n48, 185–206, 264
Hawai‘ians, 19, 92, 241; Indigenous, 36–38, 79, 174, 199
health, 72, 129, 174, 242, 244–245; of Indigenous people, 147–148; of plants, 129; spiritual, 136
Hiroshima, 242, 262, 270
historians, 257–258, 260, 270
histories, 176; Indigenous, 192, 205; oral, 190
historiography, 2–3, 32, 62n4, 185, 230
Hokkaido, 135–150; Development Agency, 141, 144–147
Honolulu, 36, 37, 41, 77, 172, 174, 177, 185, 189–190, 202–203, 204
horses, 70, 72, 74, 83n38; breeding of, 144, 145; foals, 145
horticulture, 6, 52, 54, 129, 171–172; horticulturalists, 173. See also agriculture
housing, 69, 136–137, 187–188, 202
Hudson’s Bay Company, 36, 74–75, 77
Humboldt Current, 2, 8, 211, 220
hunters, 5, 229, 233–234
hunting, xiv, 5, 36, 69, 72, 102, 136, 140, 146, 148, 216, 236; ceremonial, 20; customary, 72; fur seal, 73; Indigenous, 19; over-, 144–145, 233–234; seal, 20; traditional, 144; walrus, 28n31; whale. See whaling
hurricanes, 101, 106, 120, 127, 266. See also weather: extreme

illness, 69, 72, 73–76, 129, 252. See also disease
imperialism. See colonialism
imports, 107, 129, 156
indemnities, 210, 215–216
India, 48–51, 155, 186, 265
Indigenous people, 2–3, 6, 18, 19, 20–21, 32, 34, 38, 41–42, 62, 68–69, 72, 78–79, 93–94, 135, 149, 183n48, 187–189, 203, 229, 232, 241–242, 244, 252–253, 254n11, 256n53, 257, 260–262, 268, 270–271; displacement of, 69, 140, 147, 149; dispossession of, 69, 138, 149
Indonesia, 13, 22, 50
industrialization, 139, 141, 147, 200–201, 211, 215, 218, 236, 245, 260, 262, 267, 270
influenza, 6, 69, 112–113, 116n62, 237
infrastructure, 59, 142–143, 215; capital, 47; collapse of, 49
inquiries, official: Commission on Nacre, French Polynesia (1886–1887), 161–162; Royal Commission into British Nuclear Tests in Australia (1984–1985), 266–267; Royal Commission into National Natural Disaster Arrangements, Australian (2020), 271; Samoan Epidemic Commission (1919), 113
insects, 6, 74, 111–113, 124, 128, 130, 134n65, 136, 229, 234–235; insecticides, 229
insurance, 216, 219
Integrated History and Future of People on Earth project, 260
interactions: human–animal, 15, 19, 86–87, 89, 90, 93–96, 150, 270; human–natural world, 117, 131, 135, 139, 149, 150, 155, 241–242; human–place, 138; interspecies, 221
Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, 214–215, 218
international: agreements, 108, 216–219, 236–237, 249, 263; relations, 8, 20, 22, 24, 52, 107, 123, 130, 136, 170, 172, 210, 212–222, 234, 236–237. See also conventions, international; diplomacy
International Geophysical Year (1957–1958), 263–265
Inupiat people, 19, 21, 37
investment, 52, 54, 56–57, 60–62, 62n4, 143, 157, 215; agricultural, 47; foreign, 142, 156; public, 181n15; regional, 56
irrigation, 53–54, 142
Islam, 169–171
isolation, xiv, 1, 15, 25, 29n65, 30, 33, 77, 263
Italy, 77, 170, 216

Jamaica, 35–36, 127
Japan, 6, 8, 11–16, 17, 19–22, 24, 94, 130, 135, 179, 210, 213, 218, 231–232, 236–237, 241–242, 252, 262, 266–267, 270; Japanese, 22, 178
journalists, 211, 220, 242–243, 250
jurisdiction, 188; national, 23–24. See also territorial waters
justice, 205; environmental, 258

Kaiser, Henry J., 186–187, 201–203
Kamā‘ule‘ule, Boki, 3, 7, 169, 172–174, 177–178
Kamchatka, 16, 77
Kamehameha I, King of Hawai‘i, 51, 171, 183n48
kava (Piper methysticum), 30, 174
Keeling, Charles David, 264
killing: of animals, 86; of birds, 233; of eels, 103; of humans, 252; of trees, 51; of wildlife, 144. See also hunting; sealing; whaling
kinship, 52–53, 61, 77, 119, 121, 126
Kiribati, 22, 24, 268; I-Kiribatis, 30
knowledge: Indigenous, 232, 261; local, 197; scientific, 155, 160–161
Kona (Hawai‘i), 168, 175, 177–179, 182n31, 189–191, 195
Korea, South, 22, 24, 237, 266; Koreans, 178
kuleana, concept of, 7, 188, 189
kumaras, 117, 118, 122, 125, 128, 131. See also potatoes: sweet

labor: costs, 40; disputes, 130; exploitation, 136, 138; flows, 5, 47; policy, 181n15; recruitment, 52; redistribution, 51; shortages, 175; systems, 62
labor, colonial, 61–62; control of, 108; forced, 136–137, 171; imported, 119; plantation, 54; sexual division of, 137, 148; wage, 108, 108, 129–130, 157
laborers, 35; agricultural, 105, 121; Chinese, 35, 38, 55, 60, 62, 112; contract, 38, 55, 112, 157, 178; European, 162; family, 61; Filipino, 35; foreign, 142, 178; Indigenous, 38, 40–41, 50–51, 108, 108, 112, 138, 149, 157, 162, 174; migrant, 36–39, 42, 130; Japanese, 138; plantation, 47; railroad, 47, 54; truck, 54; white colonial, 56; women, 179
lagoons, 19–20, 119, 129–131, 134n65, 154–165, 201, 229, 242–243
lakes, 53, 78–79, 195, 201–202
land: boundaries, 100–102, 191; classification, 110; courts, 125–127, 131; degradation, 49; development, 145; divisions, 189–190, 197; exhaustion, 52; grants, 78, 146, 148–149; leases, 125, 132–133n37; management, 69, 72; ownership, 2, 6, 61, 78, 101–102, 106, 108, 110, 112, 117, 119, 122, 124–128, 131, 138–139, 141, 143, 186–187, 188; sales, 108, 112, 120, 127, 143, 199; stewardship, 188, 194, 198, 205; subdivision of, 188, 191, 193, 197–198, 202, 203; tenure, 6, 117, 122, 125, 127, 188; tenure practices, 180n5; use, 30, 101–102, 108, 110, 117, 119, 124, 125, 127–128, 130–131, 132–133n37, 171, 188, 192, 194–195, 197–199, 202, 205, 229, 233, 262; use, restrictions on, 124; use rights, 128; values, 152n33
land, agricultural, 101–102; common, 102; leasing of, 127; “state,” 201; “virgin,” 139; waste, 149
land–sea continuum, 187, 197–199, 201, 205
languages, 53; Ainu, 135, 150; Chinese, 53; English, 205; Hawai‘ian, 7, 173, 176, 182n31; Indigenous, 161, 178, 205; Samoan, 102; written, 150n4
law: ignorance of, 147; international, 214, 222, 224n30, 225n34; traditional, 174. See also legislation
law of the sea, 22, 210, 214, 212
learned societies, 247, 268–269
legends, 176; origin, 180n5. See also myths
legislation: anti-Chinese, 53, 54, 61; Fisheries Proclamation, US (1945), 224n27; Fishermen’s Protective Act, US (1954), 215–216, 219–220; forest protection, 145–146; Forest Reserve Act, US (1891), 146; Former Native Protection Law, Japanese (1899), 148; Homestead Act, US (1862), 139, 146; hunting, 144; immigration, 235; land, 127–128; Occupation Rights law, Cook Islands (1946), 127–128; property, 186–187; Regulation for the Sale of Hokkaido Land, Japanese (1886), 143; River and Harbor Act, US (1950), 199; Standard City Planning Enabling Act, US (1928), 197
lighthouses, 20, 143
literacy, 176, 190
literature, 263, 267; children’s, 89; Indigenous, 138, 192, 149
livestock, 70, 83n38, 141–142, 148, 172; protection of, 145; exotic, 142
lobbying, 178, 214, 233–234, 248, 251
logging, 69, 145, 146, 229
lomilomi (“massaged” salmon), 36
London, 50, 156, 169–170, 172, 251, 268–269
London Missionary Society, 117, 120
longshoremen, 40, 217, 219
Los Angeles, 70, 217, 219–220
luxury goods, 49, 57, 156

malaria, 69, 73–74, 80
malnutrition, 69, 112
Māori, 17, 19, 25, 50, 56–57, 60, 92, 118, 123–124
mapping, 110, 135, 141, 232
maritime zone claims. See territorial waters
marketing, 3, 53–54, 59, 127
markets, 122, 130–131; global, 117; international, 127; slave, 173
Marquesas Islands, 22, 32, 51
marriage: common law, 122; intercultural, 61, 123; inter-ethnic, 62
Marshall Islands, 8, 22, 241–249, 252–253, 254n11, 256n53, 263
masculinity, 38, 91–92, 95
Massachusetts, 73, 92, 93, 94, 172
Matsuda, Matt, 11; Pacific Worlds (2012), 2
Matsumae clan, 136–138
Matsuura Takeshirō, 135–137
Meadows, Donella H., et al., The Limits to Growth (1972), 265
measles, 69, 73, 80, 172
mechanization, 58–59, 141; agricultural, 30; dairy factory, 58–59
medical: care, 69, 72–73; personnel, 112; specialists, 235; supplies, 241; treatment, 241
medicine, 51, 69; Chinese traditional, 50, 53, 56
Melanesia, 17, 22, 25, 31, 51, 106; Melanesians, 38
Melbourne (Victoria), 233, 257, 259, 265, 267, 271
Melville, Herman, Moby-Dick (1851), 172
merchants, 47, 122, 154, 157, 161, 163–164, 175; Chinese, 47, 48, 52, 54–56, 61–62; European, 126; foreign, 159; Japanese, 135
metals, precious, 34, 48–49, 141. See also gold mining
Mexico, 35, 68, 72–73, 213–214, 222n5, 224n28; Baja California, 19–20, 211
Micronesia, 22, 31, 41, 106; Micronesians, 22
migration, 1, 5, 13, 16–17, 119, 123, 129–130, 138, 143, 149, 191; animal, 25, 31–33, 39, 237; bird, 4, 5, 8, 11–18, 37, 230–238; of diseases, 68, 74, 77, 79, 80; fish, 4–5, 11–13, 15, 19, 21–26, 33, 210–212, 221, 227n85; forced, 38, 136, 137, 140, 144, 149, 242, 252–253, 268, 271; human, 15, 19, 21, 22, 27n16, 30–33, 33, 37, 39, 41–42, 47, 52, 53, 80, 235; Indigenous, 33; internal, 121, 203; labor, 42, 47, 52, 178; legal restrictions on, 61; marine mammal, 4–5, 13, 15, 19–21, 213, 216; plant, 31, 33–35, 168–170, 173, 178, 237; return, 143; of tuna, 22
milk, 181n15; coconut, 64n29; contaminated, 242; processing of, 60, 66n69; production of, 58–59
minerals, 136, 141–142
miners: gold, 38, 53; guano, 37
mining, 54, 69, 141, 268; coal, 142, 260, 268–269; gold, 47, 53–54; phosphate, 31, 38, 54
missionaries, 106, 117, 120–123, 130, 132n20, 174–176, 194, 241; Polynesian, 120
missions, Spanish, 70–74, 75, 78
monocultures, crop, 6, 49, 54, 60, 110, 113, 184n52
monopolies, 51, 133n48; trade, 137
mortality, 49, 74, 76–78, 80, 112, 116n62, 122, 172, 252; Indigenous, 69–70; infant, 70
mosquitos, 74, 229, 235
mountains, 78, 89, 136, 140, 187, 198; submarine, 15. See also volcanoes
mules, 70, 74, 83n38
mutiny, 35, 98n35; mutineers, 120
muttonbirds (tītī). See shearwaters
myths, 171, 176; origin, 103, 117, 169, 180n5

nacre. See pearl shell (nacre)
Nagasaki, 242, 262, 270
names: place, 186–194, 196, 197, 201, 204, 205, 206n4, 223n9; species, 232. See also endonyms; exonyms
natural: disasters, 250; environment, conceptions of, 151n4; phenomena, 136; resources, 61, 136, 146, 192; world, 149
naturalists, 7, 154–155, 158, 162, 164, 173
nature, commodification of, 5, 48, 61, 62
Nauru, 60, 268; Nauruans, 31
navies: British, 173; Ecuadorian, 209, 217; Peruvian, 216; United States, 39, 214, 219, 241, 242, 251, 263
needlegrass, purple (Nassella pulchra), 75
nests, birds’, 231–233
nets, fishing, 146, 148, 211
New England, 2, 68, 73, 92, 93, 94, 172; New Englanders, 19, 38, 51
New Guinea, 22, 24, 51, 64n29, 237
New Mexico, 242, 262
New South Wales, 49, 229, 235–236, 271
newspapers, 7, 176–177, 209, 219–220, 230–231, 233, 235, 242; Indigenous-language, 37, 169, 176, 176, 178–179, 180, 192
New York state, 89, 140
New Zealand, 1, 2, 5–6, 13–16, 18, 21, 27n17, 31, 32, 47, 50, 52–57, 59–61, 112–113, 117, 123–130, 237, 251–252, 265, 267–268, 271
Niue, 40; Niueans, 30
nuclear: testing, 8, 241–252, 253n10, 263, 266; waste, 252; “winter,” 266, 267

oak trees, 74, 140
observation stations, meteorological, 263–267
occupation rights, 124; Occupation Rights law, Cook Islands (1946), 127–128
ocean: levels, 9, 260, 267–268; temperatures, 217, 220, 269; territorial claims (see territorial waters)
oceanography, 8, 264; oceanographers, 211, 263–264
Odum, Eugene, 242, 246–249, 251, 255n36, 255–256n49; Fundamentals of Ecology (1953), 248; with Howard Odum, “Trophic Structure and Productivity of a Windward Coral Reef Community on Eniwetok Atoll” (1955), 247
Odum, Howard, 242, 247–248
officers: military, 77, 242; naval, 76, 173, 241; ships’, 163; ships’, of color, 92–93; whaling ships’, 91, 93, 95
officials: colonial, 7, 72, 74, 78, 100, 107, 112–113, 117, 124, 126–129, 132n20, 159, 160, 163–164, 170, 183n48, 241; government, 79, 199, 209, 218–219, 242
Ohio, 140, 144
oils: edible, 106; fish liver, 213; vegetable, 106
opium, 53, 64n36; Opium Wars, 52
orange: juice, 128, 130, 133n47; trees, wild, 120, 128, 133n49
oranges, 117, 119, 122–125, 133n49, 172; wild, 122, 126–127
orchards, 54, 60, 142, 171, 234
Oregon, 11, 17, 19, 21, 73, 76, 80
ornithology, 231; ornithologists, 230–236
otters, sea, 5, 21, 35–37; hunting of, 77
oysters, 154–165. See also farming

Pacific, 48, 49, 86–87, 90, 92, 94, 230, 235, 265, 267, 269–270; central, 22, 30, 212, 217, 222; eastern, 32, 210, 217; eastern tropical, 212, 214, 218, 221, 223n9; north, 19–22, 25, 215, 218; northeast, 18, 214; south, 25, 106, 264; southeast, 213, 258; western, 22, 212, 222. See also individual islands and states
Pacific Northwest, 18, 25, 36, 73
pacifism, 245, 249–250, 251
packaging, 57, 60, 124, 129, 130; food, 59
Panama, 214, 216, 224n28, 225n48
pandemics: COVID-19, 270; influenza (1918–1919), 112–113, 116n62
Pape‘ete (Tahiti), 154–155, 157–158, 163, 165
paper making, 146, 147, 147
Papua New Guinea, 22, 24, 51, 64n29, 237
Paris, 165, 170, 251
parliaments, 252; colonial, 160–164. See also Congress, United States; Senate, United States
pathogens, 68–70, 72, 79–80, 237
pearls, 156, 164, 181n16; black, 156
pearl shell (nacre), 154, 156–157, 163–164
Pennsylvania, 140, 250
Permanent Commission of the Southeast Pacific, 215, 218
Persia, 169; Persian Gulf, 159
personalities, of animals, 87–88
Peru, 2, 8, 22, 38, 73, 209, 211–221, 223n20, 224n28, 225n42, 260, 265
pesticides, 128–130, 248
pests, 129, 131; agricultural, 107; animal, 128; bird, 234; control of, 111–112; insect, 105, 111–113, 128, 130, 134n65, 229, 234, 235; plant, 110, 113
Philippines, 22, 50, 100, 231
phosphate, 31, 38, 54
pigs, 27n16, 32, 37, 50, 70, 72, 74, 83n38, 102, 172, 197, 242
piracy, 170, 209, 220
place, sense of, 187–189, 199, 206
planning: state, 141; town, 197
plantations, 54, 100–102, 106, 109–112, 111, 119, 127, 130, 171, 175, 178; family-owned, 107–108; foreign-owned, 107–110
planters, 123; Chinese, likened to locusts, 52; coffee, 173; foreign, 176–177; Indigenous, 124–126, 129, 176–177
plants, 136, 229–230; breeding of, 127; “canoe,” 5, 32, 41; commensal, 33; cultivated, 118; distribution of, 125; edible, 148; exotic, 5, 69–70, 72, 75, 101, 110, 120, 141, 168–171, 174, 180; invasive, 6, 75, 201, 205; marine, 200; native, 70, 72, 74–75, 149; toxic, 129; wild, 148
plutonium, 246, 266
poetry, 198; poets, 173
poison, 145, 229
policing, 53, 112, 165, 203, 209; maritime, 214
political: change, xiv, 186; economy, 42
politics, 203, 217–218; popular, 173
pollution, 30, 53, 60, 126, 129–131, 199, 201, 242, 244–245, 250, 256n53, 260, 264, 266, 267, 271; radioactive, 11, 12. See also fallout, radioactive
Polynesians, 22, 27n16, 32–37. See also individual islands and states
population, 49, 70, 80–81n1, 113, 122, 143, 203; decline (see depopulation); growth, 34, 262, 267
Portuguese, 92, 103, 178
potatoes, 50, 172; sweet, 5, 33, 34–35, 37, 41, 117, 118, 122, 125, 131, 194–195
poverty, 56–58, 140, 148
power, steam, 58–59, 260
predators, 5, 8, 11, 13, 15, 17, 21, 25, 211
preservation: fish, 22, 39–40, 212–213, 215; food, 18, 36, 128–130, 211–213, 215, 244; fruit juice, 130
press, 37, 176, 177, 209, 219–220, 230–231, 235, 242, 245, 251
pressure groups, 242, 245, 249–250, 252–253, 255–256n49. See also lobbying
processing, seafood, 22, 51, 39, 51, 130, 143, 217, 218
profits, 90, 91, 138; agricultural, 106, 127
progress, concept of, 139–140, 149
prohibitions: sacred, 119–120, 123, 126, 129, 156–157, 159; on traditional hunting methods, 144; on use of diving suits, 164
property, 188; communal, 160; private, 7, 140, 202; rented, 189
property rights, 141, 221
protest, 124, 164, 203, 217, 220, 242, 245, 248–251, 256n49, 257, 261
Puerto Rico, 215; Puerto Ricans, 178
Pukui, Mary Kawena, 168, 188, 197; ‘Ōlelo No‘eau: Hawaiian Proverbs and Poetical Sayings (1983), 190
punishment, 108, 174; capital, 137; corporal, 91

Quakers, 245, 249, 250, 251
Queensland (Australia), 38, 51, 54, 236, 271

racism, 52, 61, 92–95, 232, 235; “scientific”, 37
radioactivity, 8, 22, 11, 12, 242, 244, 246–247, 250, 252, 253–254n11, 266
radiocarbon dating, 244, 263
railroads, 54, 55, 59, 142, 143
Rainbow Warrior (ship), 252–253
rainfall, 101, 128, 131, 199, 201, 230, 234
rainforests, 119, 199
ranches, 74, 145, 75, 78–79; ranchers, 78, 79
Rarotonga (Cook Islands), 119–124, 128–129, 131, 133–134n65, 133n47
rats, 17–18, 34, 128
real estate, 143, 187–189, 201–203
rebellions, 98n35, 137
reductionism, 245, 246, 251; climate, 270
reefs, 130, 200–201, 246–247, 268–269
refrigeration, 57, 59, 211–212
regulations, fishing, 22, 162–163, 219
religious: beliefs, 55, 88–89, 121, 117–119, 122, 241–242; beliefs, traditional, 131, 133n47, 136, 180n5, 195–197; conversion, 122; practices, Sufi, 170; practices, traditional, 138
relocation, of populations, 121–122, 203; forcible, 144; of Indigenous people, 241
remains, human, 55, 76
research: expeditions, 210–211; marine science, 215; nuclear, 242; priorities, 234. See also scientific: research
resistance, 129, 130, 137
resource: allocation, 200; availability, 199; demand, 47; depletion, 51, 52, 265; destruction, 50; distribution, 194; exploitation, 47–49, 61–62, 136, 139, 140–142, 195, 210, 213; extraction, 42; frontiers, 61–62; management, 155, 159, 161, 164, 212–214, 216–219, 221–222, 224n27, 224n31; use, 187, 189–190
retailing, 57, 123, 131, 189, 203, 241; retailers, 187
rhinoceros beetles (Oryctes rhinoceros), 111–113
rice, 36, 53, 137, 152n33, 234
Rio de Janeiro, 171, 173
rituals, 136; religious, 55, 180n5
rivers, 146, 147, 199, 236. See also watercourses
road building, 141–143, 197
Robin, Libby, 231–234, 259–260
rodents, 17–18, 34, 128
Rongelap (Marshall Islands), 244, 252–253, 254n11, 256n53
Russia, 16, 19, 20, 22, 25, 73, 136, 140, 172, 232–233

Sacramento River Valley, 75–76, 79–80
sailors, 36, 37, 79, 91, 94, 120, 157, 174, 181n16, 209, 221, 225n48; Polynesian, 122
Sakhalin Island, 19, 135
Salinas (Ecuador), 209, 220
salmon, 19, 22, 26, 33, 35–36, 41, 146–148; dried, 137; spawning, 136–137; tinned, 37
Samoa (Western), 32, 38, 100–113, 119, 129, 156; American, 23, 36–37, 39–41, 100–113, 119, 129, 156, 215, 264; German, 106–113, 115n43; Samoans, 30, 36
sandalwood (Santalum spp.), 5, 35, 48, 50–51; cutting of, 49, 51–52, 62; Hawai‘ian (Santalum paniculatum), 181n16
San Diego (California), 73, 75, 187, 209, 220
San Francisco (California), 36, 73, 76; Bay, 77
Sapporo, 141, 143, 145–146; Sapporo Agricultural College, 141, 142
savage, concept of the, 95, 151n22, 232
Savai‘i (Samoa), 100, 108, 111–113
scientific: discoveries, 171; expeditions, 222n8; experiments, 158, 269; exploration, 173; investigations, 160, 163; missions, 154, 158; research, 215, 234, 236, 244–248, 253–254n11
scientists, 155, 158, 162, 211, 214–215, 232, 242, 244–248, 252, 259, 262–265, 267, 270
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 222n8, 263
seabed, 185; claims to subterranean resources, 214; protection of, 213. See also territorial waters
sea cucumbers (bêche-de-mer, Holothuroidea spp.), 5, 50–51, 57; collecting, 49, 62
sealing, 20, 25, 48–50, 62
seals: fur, 5, 20, 21, 49; southern (Arctocephalus forsteri), 49
seaweed, 18; dried, 137; exotic, 200
seeds, 74–75, 137, 142, 171, 175; grass, 57, 60
seizures, of fishing boats, 215–216, 217, 219–220, 222nn5–6
self-determination, 113, 149
Senate, United States, 221; Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, 267
sentimentality, 86–87, 95
settlement: patterns, 50, 122; sites, choice of, 55; colonial, 49, 71; European, 122; human, 101
settlers, 191; American, 142; Chinese, 53; colonial, 102; Euro-American, 101; European, 117, 120, 124–126, 129, 130, 132n20, 139; foreign, 191; French, 159–160, 164; Japanese, 135, 137–139, 141–148; Polynesian, 119
sharks, 13, 87
shearwaters, 4, 13–18, 21–22, 25, 27n17, 28n42
sheep, 70, 72, 74, 75, 83n38, 144, 172, 242
shells, 51; mother-of-pearl, 156. See also oysters
shipbuilding, 143, 201
shipping, 52, 73, 122, 129–130, 133n48, 143, 156, 216; commercial, 39; inter-island, 132–133n37
shipping lines, 39, 40, 124
ships, 1, 20–21, 37, 77, 123–124, 137, 168–169, 172, 214, 242
shops, 123, 187, 203, 241; family-run, 131
shrines, fishing, 195–197
Shute, Nevil, On the Beach (1957), 263–264, 266
Siberia, 16, 19–20, 22, 25, 73, 232; Siberian peoples, 19
Sierra Nevada (California), 38; Mountains, 54, 55
silks, 49, 57
silver, 34, 48–49, 141
Singapore, 52, 56
slavery, 35, 171, 173
smallpox, 69–70, 73, 77–80
smoke, 266, 271. See also pollution
snipe: Australian painted, 231; Latham’s (Gallinago hardwickii), 229–231, 231, 232–238; New Holland (Scolopax australis) (see snipe: Latham’s)
social: change, 51, 62, 77, 122, 186; relations, 102–103, 121, 140; status, 61
Society Islands, 22, 32
soil, 101; composition, 60; conditions, 128, 141; contamination, 252; humidity, 112; volcanic, 175, 179
soldiers, 77, 127, 178, 242
solidarity: national, 177; among sailors, 91–92; among whalers, 95; workers’, 217, 219
sonar, 211, 214
songs, 176; whale, 88
sovereignty, 218, 221–222, 224n31; maritime, 210, 214. See also territorial waters
Soviet Union, 21, 22, 213, 252, 253n10, 263
space: concepts of, 101; demersal, 195; hierarchies of, 202; pelagic, 195; reconfiguration of, 191–192, 201; understanding of, 187, 198
space program, 248–249, 259, 263
Spain, 171, 225n42; Spanish, 33, 73
species: exotic, xiv, 7, 206; invasive, 60, 205; mixing of, 33. See also animals; plants
sports, blood, 5, 234. See also hunting
squid, 15–16
Sri Lanka, 111, 158
starvation, 20–21, 52, 69, 106, 119, 148. See also dearth
statistics, use of, 155, 163
status, 91–93, 102–103, 117, 120
Stevenson, Robert Louis, 36–37, 39
storms, 101, 131, 170, 200. See also weather: extreme
strontium 90, 8, 242, 244–245
subsidies: agricultural, 142; state, 143, 175
suburbanization, 202–203
Suess, Hans, 262–264, 269
Sufism, 169, 170
sugar, 54, 175, 183n38; cane, 32, 173–174, 178; mills, 143; plantations, 36
summer, “Savage” (Australia, 2019–2020), 261, 270
Summers, Catherine C., 190, 195, 197
surveying, 141–142
sustainability, 200, 205
Switzerland, 218, 220–221
Sydney (NSW), 50–51, 56, 262, 271

Tahiti, 22, 35, 73, 119, 122–124, 154–165, 249, 251
Tahitians, 35, 262
Taiwan, 22, 266
tariffs, 212, 219
taro, 5, 32, 34, 37, 101–105, 117, 119–121, 123, 125, 128, 131, 132n30, 172; giant (ta‘amu), 103, 120
Tasmania, 233, 236, 271
taxation, 108, 175, 197
taxonomies, 94, 95, 232
tea, 36, 49, 129, 172; teashops, 123
Teaiwa, Katerina Martina, 30, 41, 42, 268; “Our Sea of Phosphate” (2005), 31
technology, 49, 53, 58–59, 62, 142, 157, 162–164, 211, 214–215, 217, 221, 242, 245, 260, 263; transfer of, 53–54
teeth, 242, 244
terra nullius concept, 6, 135, 138–139, 151n16
territorial waters, 22, 209–222, 224n30
theft, 110, 126, 143, 209
timber, 51, 60, 103, 105–106, 129–130, 142, 145; restrictions on sales of, 146
Tokelau, 22; Tokelauans, 30
tomatoes, 125, 128, 133n49
Tonga, 22, 32, 122; Tongans, 30
tools, 53, 69; iron, 50
topography, 100, 119, 162, 175, 179, 186, 192, 196, 197
tourism, 7, 130, 172, 200
trade, 101, 120, 122–123, 136, 194; agricultural produce, 124; barriers, 212; coastal, 52; commodity, 48, 52; export, 107; food, 35, 51; fur, 35, 36, 38, 48, 50; goods, 73; inter-island, 123; international, 30, 49, 50, 52, 59, 62, 124–125; long-distance, 34, 35, 68, 77; networks, 52, 137; practices, dishonest, 137; practices, restrictive, 133n48; restrictions, 49, 52, 137; slave, 173
traders, 106–107, 117, 123, 176; American, 110; European, 62, 107, 123–124, 156; fur, 77
trading: companies, 49–50, 77; posts, 49, 137
traditions, 18, 160, 188; oral, 190, 197
translations, 187, 198, 205; translators, 175
transplantation. See migration: plant
transport, 1, 129, 130, 132–133n37
transportation, 52, 59, 66n69
trapping, fur, 69; trappers, 74–76
travel, 30, 49; air, 130
treaties, 108, 237; anti-sealing, 20; migratory bird, 8; nuclear test ban, 249, 263; unequal, 52
trees, 74, 101–102, 120, 136, 140–141, 146, 150; citrus, 127; exotic, 60; planting, 108, 129; pruning, 128–129; replanting, 110, 127–131; shelter, 128–129
tribute, 120; traditional, 197
trout, 146–147
Truman, Harry S., 213, 242
tsunamis, 13, 14, 17, 100, 164, 250
Tuamotu Archipelago, 7, 22, 161, 154, 156–165
tuna, 4, 12, 13, 15, 21–22, 25–26, 28n42, 33, 39–41, 130, 209, 210–222, 222n5; albacore (Thunnus alalunga), 223n12; Atlantic bluefin (Thunnus thynnus), 223n12; bigeye (Thunnus obesus), 24, 211; bluefin (Thunnus thynnus), 12, 22, 24; Pacific bluefin (Thunnus orientallis), 211; skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis), 22, 24, 211, 217; Southern bluefin (Thunnus maccoyii), 223n12; yellowfin (Thunnus albacares), 12, 22, 24, 209, 211–212, 217
“Tuna Wars” (1947–1982), 8, 212, 220–221
Tutuila (Samoa), 37, 100, 111–113
Tuvalu, 268; Tuvaluans, 30, 277n90
Twain, Mark, 168, 180n1
typhoons, 157, 164. See also weather: extreme

United Kingdom, 6, 50, 52, 59, 61–62, 64n36, 100, 107, 117, 146, 156, 169, 170, 172–173, 216, 231, 234, 251, 260, 263, 265, 268–269
United Nations, 22, 216, 251; Food and Agriculture Organization, 214–215; Human Rights Committee, 261. See also conferences, international; conventions, international
United States, 2, 5–6, 8, 15–22, 37–38, 40–41, 47, 48, 52, 54, 55, 62, 68, 70, 71, 73, 87, 89, 92–93, 93, 94, 100, 107, 116n62, 122, 124, 139–142, 144, 146, 149, 151n16, 168, 171–175, 177, 187, 189, 209–221, 222n8, 224n27, 228n87, 234, 235, 241–242, 246, 248–252, 262–266. See also Americans
universities, 248; Australian National, 259; British Columbia, 250, 256n49; Columbia (New York), 244–245; Georgia, 246; Hawai‘i, 174, 188; Hokkaido, 141; Texas A & M, 264; Washington, 22–23
Upolu (Samoa), 100, 106, 108, 111–113
urbanization, 143, 187, 189, 197–198, 199, 201, 203, 236

vaccines, 77; vaccination, 73, 79
Van Camp Sea Food Company, 39, 215, 220
Vancouver, 249–251, 255–256n49
vegetables, 171–172, 244
vegetation, 102, 140; removal of, 133n65
venison, 144, 148
Victoria (Australia), 52–53, 56, 233, 236
violence, 68–69, 95, 107, 135, 149, 164, 209, 217, 220, 252, 263; against animals, 86; racist, 53; ecological, 149; inter-racial, 92; sexual, 137–138; “slow,” 155, 162, 164–165, 270
viruses, 77, 79, 112–113, 116n62, 237. See also influenza
viticulture, 78, 172
volcanoes, 175, 192
voyaging, 17, 26. See also exploration

warfare, 56, 118; nuclear, 249–250, 252, 263, 266
wars: American Civil, 106; Menashi–Kunashir War, 137; Mexican–American War, 140; Opium, 64n36; Samoan “civil,” 106–107; War of the Pacific, 225n42; World War I, 112, 127; World War II, 213, 242, 262, 270
warships, 173, 242
Washington State, 18–19, 73–74, 177, 250
water, 69, 73, 136; management, 53, 54; power, 53; quality, 201; races, 53; supply, 126; use, 136
watercourses, 142, 146–147, 162, 187, 199–201, 236; pollution of, 60, 130
wealth, 124; symbols of, 117
weapons, 69, 106, 122; nuclear, 241–242, 244, 246–247, 250, 253n10, 262–263, 270; traditional, 144
weather, 16, 136; extreme, 101, 106–107, 108, 120, 127, 131, 157, 164, 170, 200, 201, 265–266, 271
West, American, 139, 144, 152n52
wetlands, 8, 57, 229–234, 236–238; drainage of, 60
whale: calves, 88; oil, 35, 90; bone, 90; meat, 21
whalers, 5, 86–89, 92, 93, 96, 122; income of, 90–91; Indigenous, 20, 37; racial diversity of, 86, 92, 94, 95, 98n35; rank among, 92–93; wives of, 90
whales, 4, 5, 15, 20–22, 24, 27n25, 37, 41, 87–88, 90, 91, 94, 217; blue, 19; bowhead, 19; female, 88; fin, 21; gray, 13, 19, 20, 88; hostility towards, 90; killer, 21, 27n25, 136; maternal behavior of, 88; sei, 21; sperm, 19
whaling, 4, 5, 21–22, 25, 28n31, 28n35, 37–38, 86–89, 92, 95, 122, 194, 213, 216, 225n48, 252; ships, 37, 172; commercial, 19, 87–88; dangers of, 90, 91; economics of, 90–91; Indigenous, 19, 20; industrial, 21; pelagic, 20–21; regulation of, 213, 225n48; suppression of, 21
Williams, John, 117, 120–121, 121
winds, 13, 37, 101, 136, 198, 242, 244, 271
Wintun people, 78, 80
wolves, 144–145
women, 6, 35, 90, 92, 94, 105, 131, 136–138, 148, 170–172, 177, 179, 183n48, 233–234
wood, 51, 60, 103, 105, 129–130, 142, 145–146, 147
working conditions, 52, 54, 136–137, 178
worldviews, Indigenous, 150, 188, 197–198

yachts, 187, 200
yams, 34–35, 101, 104, 121
Yokuts people, 76, 78

Series List